Difference between revisions of "Kalaman Language"

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Kalaman Language is a very ancient, pre-Gwenyan language that originates from the [[Jathya-Dhumi]] culture (Compare Drameginite).  The Kalaman Language is the source language for [[Shardanian Language|Shardanian]] and [[Jaithan Language|Jaithan]]. Among scholars and Jaithans, it is properly called the Jathya-Dhumi Language.
  
  
 +
=Periodization=
  
 +
*Mythical Drameginnite Language. pre-11,000 AS.
 +
*Proto-Jathya-Dhumi: ca 11,000 AS to 7700 AS. Postulated language.
 +
*Old High Jathya-Dhumi: 7700 AS to 4500 AS. Attestation considered tenuous.
 +
*Middle High Jathya-Dhumi: 4500 AS to 3000 AS. moderately attested
 +
*Classical High Jathya-Dhumi: 3000 AS to 1900 AS
 +
*Late High Jathya-Dhumi: 1900 AS to 500 AS
 +
 +
*Early Jaithan: 500 AI to 900
 +
*Middle Jaithan: 900 to 2250
 +
*Modern Jaithan: 2250 to Present
  
 
=Phonological Inventory=
 
=Phonological Inventory=
 +
==Consonants==
 +
{| border="0" style="background:gray" class="wikitable" style="width:800"
 +
|+  style="text-align:center; background:teal; color:white;"|<big>'''Kalaman Consonants'''</big>
 +
|-
 +
!width="180"|
 +
!width="120" colspan="2"|Bilabial
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!width="120" colspan="2"|Dental
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!width="120" colspan="2"|Alveolar
 +
!width="120" colspan="2"|Palatal
 +
!width="120" colspan="2"|Velar
 +
!width="120" colspan="2"|Glottal
 +
|-
 +
|Nasal|| ||m|| || || ||n|| || ɲ|| ||ŋ|| ||
 +
|-
 +
|Stop||p||b|| || ||t||d||c||ɟ||k||g|| ||
 +
|-
 +
|style="text-align:center"|''Aspirated''||pʰ||bʱ|||t̪ʰ||d̪ʱ|| || ||cʰ||ɟʱ||kʰ||gʱ|| ||
 +
|-
 +
|style="text-align:center"|''Labialized''|| || ||| || || || || || ||kʷ||gʷ|| ||
 +
|-
 +
|style="text-align:center"|''Aspirated & Labialized''|| || ||| || || || || || ||kʰʷ||gʱʷ|| ||
 +
|-
 +
|Sibilant Fricative|| || || || ||s|| || || || || || ||
 +
|-
 +
|Non-Sibilant Fricative|| || | || || || || || |ç||ʝ|| || ||h||
 +
|-
 +
|Continuant|| ||w|| || || || || || || || || ||
 +
|-
 +
|Approximant|| || || || || || || ||j|| || || ||
 +
|-
 +
|Trill|| || || || || ||r|| || || || || ||
 +
|-
 +
|Lateral Approximant|| || || || || ||l|| || || || || ||
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
==Vowels==
 +
{| border="0" style="background:gray" class="wikitable" style="width:300"
 +
|+  style="text-align:center; background:teal; color:white;"|<big>'''Kalaman Vowels'''</big>
 +
|-
 +
!width="60"|
 +
!width="120" |Short
 +
!width="120" |Long
 +
|-
 +
|Default||a||ɑː
 +
|-
 +
|Palatal||I||iː
 +
|-
 +
|Labial||ʊ||uː
 +
|-
 +
|Lingual||r̩||r̩ː
 +
|-
 +
|Dental||l̩||
 +
|-
 +
|P. Diphthong|| ||eː ai
 +
|-
 +
|L. Diphthong|| ||oː aʊ
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
−
consonants
 
  
−
p b f v m w
+
Orthographic considerations
−
pʲ bʲ
+
nullset (for syllables that begin with vowels)
 +
s+ (blend prefix)
 +
+r (for consonant blends)
 +
+l (for consonant blends)
 +
+j (for consonant/vowel blends)
  
−
θ ð
+
Consonant Blends
−
θʲ ðʲ
 
  
−
t d s z n
+
=Font Support Exercises=
−
tʷ dʷ sʷ zʷ nʷ
+
*<font face="Adobe Hebrew">םלך</font>
−
tʲ dʲ sʲ zʲ ɲ
+
*<font face="Mangal">घङछझखसधरयमब</font>
 +
*<font face="Castellar">KAUMARI</font>
 +
*<font face="Palatino Linotype">KAUMARI</font>
  
−
r l
+
syllables
−
lʲ
 
  
−
tʃ dʒ ʃ ʒ j
+
==Post-Kalaman changes (Midrinksi)==
 +
* ç → ʃ
 +
* ʝ → j
  
−
ʃw ʒw
 
  
−
k g x ɤ ŋ
+
=Lexicon=
 +
See [[Kalaman Language:Lexicon]].
  
−
kʷ gʷ xʷ ɤʷ
+
==Kalaman Place-Names==
 +
:Bakyahumya: [[Thyria]]
 +
:Bhimalaphuna: Lake Vimal
 +
:Baughurah: [[Adamantine Mountains]]
 +
:Dhamalya: [[Deliops]]
 +
:Dhamat, Dhamat-hirathu: Thybdis, Thybdis River
 +
:Goshamya, Goshamihirathu: Shadew, Shadevan River
 +
:Jakubya: [[Lucacia]]
 +
:Jalukhrá: Shelekhumbia
 +
:Kaspatya: Ebinóë, Ebinóëse Highlands
 +
:Kimbugottha: Jaggudorns
 +
:Kshandiguha: Corundy
 +
:Maulaskaya: Shadevan Delta
 +
:Pamubharttha: [[Memnosian Sea]]
 +
:Prakruthyattha: Pallathantic Sea
 +
:Saumakya: Thykomos
 +
:Sayatha: Pytharnia
 +
:Tawaddha: Desthor
  
−
kʲ gʲ xʲ ɤʲ
+
=Brainstorming=
 +
Kalaman confortification, confortified consonant is always a stop
  
−
h hʷ hʲ
+
pehema → pamu
 +
behema → bamu
  
 +
tehema → tamu
 +
dehema → damu
  
 +
shehema → shamu
 +
zhehema → zhamu
  
−
Vowels
+
chehema → chamu
 +
jehema → jamu
  
−
ɑː a
+
kehema → kamu
 +
gehema → gamu
  
−
eː ɛ
+
Kalaman word classes
 +
no ‘genders,’ but classes some of which have gender meaning
  
−
iː I
+
:-um: sentient non-living creature, but in fact in Kalaman thought, all creation is living
 +
:-ut: changing energy, changing state, temporary; daihut
 +
:-ik:  (-ik, -arik, -irik)
 +
:-a: human, humanlike [-a, -asya, -ahya]
 +
:-ya: place
  
−
oː ɔ
+
kumarikissa antya chambo
  
−
uː ʊ
+
kw, tw, pw (py, b)
  
−
ai
+
satrima culcava, Saturima Kalkubha  krmana, plshasa,
−
ɛi
 
−
aʊ
 
  
 +
=See Also=
 +
*[[Hirgunya]], writing system used for Kalaman
 +
*[[Kalama]]
 +
*[[Kalaman Language:Lexicon]]
 +
*[[List of Kalaman Personal Names]]
  
−
=Lexicon, Sample=
+
[[Category:Languages of Asdar]]
−
kʃandIguːha: Land of Kalaman, Corundy
+
{{stub}}
−
ahʷa: son
 
−
aidaspar: Aidaspar, god of bards
 
−
ɑːrʊθkaʊpʃaz: Orion Pharaonicus, planet
 
−
aʃwa
 

Latest revision as of 11:32, 26 March 2022

Kalaman Language is a very ancient, pre-Gwenyan language that originates from the Jathya-Dhumi culture (Compare Drameginite). The Kalaman Language is the source language for Shardanian and Jaithan. Among scholars and Jaithans, it is properly called the Jathya-Dhumi Language.


Periodization

  • Mythical Drameginnite Language. pre-11,000 AS.
  • Proto-Jathya-Dhumi: ca 11,000 AS to 7700 AS. Postulated language.
  • Old High Jathya-Dhumi: 7700 AS to 4500 AS. Attestation considered tenuous.
  • Middle High Jathya-Dhumi: 4500 AS to 3000 AS. moderately attested
  • Classical High Jathya-Dhumi: 3000 AS to 1900 AS
  • Late High Jathya-Dhumi: 1900 AS to 500 AS
  • Early Jaithan: 500 AI to 900
  • Middle Jaithan: 900 to 2250
  • Modern Jaithan: 2250 to Present

Phonological Inventory

Consonants

Kalaman Consonants
Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop p b t d c ɟ k g
Aspirated pʰ bʱ t̪ʰ d̪ʱ cʰ ɟʱ kʰ gʱ
Labialized kʷ gʷ
Aspirated & Labialized kʰʷ gʱʷ
Sibilant Fricative s
Non-Sibilant Fricative ç ʝ h
Continuant w
Approximant j
Trill r
Lateral Approximant l

Vowels

Kalaman Vowels
Short Long
Default a ɑː
Palatal I iː
Labial ʊ uː
Lingual r̩ r̩ː
Dental l̩
P. Diphthong eː ai
L. Diphthong oː aʊ


Orthographic considerations nullset (for syllables that begin with vowels) s+ (blend prefix) +r (for consonant blends) +l (for consonant blends) +j (for consonant/vowel blends)

Consonant Blends

Font Support Exercises

  • םלך
  • घङछझखसधरयमब
  • KAUMARI
  • KAUMARI

syllables

Post-Kalaman changes (Midrinksi)

  • ç → ʃ
  • ʝ → j


Lexicon

See Kalaman Language:Lexicon.

Kalaman Place-Names

Bakyahumya: Thyria
Bhimalaphuna: Lake Vimal
Baughurah: Adamantine Mountains
Dhamalya: Deliops
Dhamat, Dhamat-hirathu: Thybdis, Thybdis River
Goshamya, Goshamihirathu: Shadew, Shadevan River
Jakubya: Lucacia
Jalukhrá: Shelekhumbia
Kaspatya: Ebinóë, Ebinóëse Highlands
Kimbugottha: Jaggudorns
Kshandiguha: Corundy
Maulaskaya: Shadevan Delta
Pamubharttha: Memnosian Sea
Prakruthyattha: Pallathantic Sea
Saumakya: Thykomos
Sayatha: Pytharnia
Tawaddha: Desthor

Brainstorming

Kalaman confortification, confortified consonant is always a stop

pehema → pamu behema → bamu

tehema → tamu dehema → damu

shehema → shamu zhehema → zhamu

chehema → chamu jehema → jamu

kehema → kamu gehema → gamu

Kalaman word classes no ‘genders,’ but classes some of which have gender meaning

-um: sentient non-living creature, but in fact in Kalaman thought, all creation is living
-ut: changing energy, changing state, temporary; daihut
-ik: (-ik, -arik, -irik)
-a: human, humanlike [-a, -asya, -ahya]
-ya: place

kumarikissa antya chambo

kw, tw, pw (py, b)

satrima culcava, Saturima Kalkubha krmana, plshasa,

See Also

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