Difference between revisions of "Kalaman Language"

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Kalaman Language is a very ancient, pre-Gwenyan language that originates from the Kathya-Dhumi culture.
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Kalaman Language is a very ancient, pre-Gwenyan language that originates from the [[Jathya-Dhumi]] culture (Compare Drameginite). The Kalaman Language is the source language for [[Shardanian Language|Shardanian]] and [[Jaithan Language|Jaithan]]. Among scholars and Jaithans, it is properly called the Jathya-Dhumi Language.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
=Periodization=
 +
 
 +
*Mythical Drameginnite Language. pre-11,000 AS.
 +
*Proto-Jathya-Dhumi: ca 11,000 AS to 7700 AS. Postulated language.
 +
*Old High Jathya-Dhumi: 7700 AS to 4500 AS. Attestation considered tenuous.
 +
*Middle High Jathya-Dhumi: 4500 AS to 3000 AS. moderately attested
 +
*Classical High Jathya-Dhumi: 3000 AS to 1900 AS
 +
*Late High Jathya-Dhumi: 1900 AS to 500 AS
 +
 
 +
*Early Jaithan: 500 AI to 900
 +
*Middle Jaithan: 900 to 2250
 +
*Modern Jaithan: 2250 to Present
  
 
=Phonological Inventory=
 
=Phonological Inventory=
 
==Consonants==
 
==Consonants==
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{| border="0" style="background:red" class="wikitable" style="width:800"
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{| border="0" style="background:gray" class="wikitable" style="width:800"
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|+  style="text-align:center; background:green; color:white;"|<big>'''Kalaman Consonants'''</big>
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|+  style="text-align:center; background:teal; color:white;"|<big>'''Kalaman Consonants'''</big>
 
|-
 
|-
 
!width="180"|
 
!width="180"|
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!width="120" colspan="2"|Dental
 
!width="120" colspan="2"|Dental
 
!width="120" colspan="2"|Alveolar
 
!width="120" colspan="2"|Alveolar
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!width="120" colspan="2"|Post-Alveolar
 
 
!width="120" colspan="2"|Palatal
 
!width="120" colspan="2"|Palatal
 
!width="120" colspan="2"|Velar
 
!width="120" colspan="2"|Velar
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!width="120" colspan="2"|Glottal
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Nasal|| ||m|| || || ||n|| || || ||ɲ|| ||ŋ
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|Nasal|| ||m|| || || ||n|| || ɲ|| ||ŋ|| ||
 
|-
 
|-
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|Stop||p||p|| || ||t||d|| || ||c||ɟ||k||g
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|Stop||p||b|| || ||t||d||c||ɟ||k||g|| ||  
 
|-
 
|-
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|style="text-align:right"|''Aspirated''||pʰ||bʱ|||t̪ʰ||d̪ʱ|| || || || ||cʰ||ɟʱ||kʰ||gʱ
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|style="text-align:center"|''Aspirated''||pʰ||bʱ|||t̪ʰ||d̪ʱ|| || ||cʰ||ɟʱ||kʰ||gʱ|| ||  
 
|-
 
|-
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|style="text-align:right"|''Labialized''|| || ||| || ||tʷ||dʷ|| || ||cʷ||ɟʷ||kʷ||gʷ
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|style="text-align:center"|''Labialized''|| || ||| || || || || || ||kʷ||gʷ|| ||  
 
|-
 
|-
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|style="text-align:right"|''Aspirated & Labialized''|| || |||t̪ʰʷ||d̪ʱʷ|| || || || ||cʰʷ||ɟʱʷ||kʰʷ||gʱʷ
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|style="text-align:center"|''Aspirated & Labialized''|| || ||| || || || || || ||kʰʷ||gʱʷ|| ||  
 
|-
 
|-
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|Sibilant Fricative|| || || || ||s|| ||ʃ||ʒ|| || || ||
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|Sibilant Fricative|| || || || ||s|| || || || || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
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|Non-Sibilant Fricative|| || | || || || || || || ||ç||ʝ|| ||
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|Non-Sibilant Fricative|| || | || || || || || |ç||ʝ|| || ||h||
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Continuant|| ||w|| || || || || || || || || ||  
 
|Continuant|| ||w|| || || || || || || || || ||  
 
|-
 
|-
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|Approximant|| || || || || || || || || ||j|| ||  
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|Approximant|| || || || || || || ||j|| || || ||  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Trill|| || || || || ||r|| || || || || ||
 
|Trill|| || || || || ||r|| || || || || ||
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==Vowels==
 
==Vowels==
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{| border="0" style="background:red" class="wikitable" style="width:600"
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{| border="0" style="background:gray" class="wikitable" style="width:300"
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|+  style="text-align:center; background:green; color:white;"|<big>'''Kalaman Vowels'''</big>
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|+  style="text-align:center; background:teal; color:white;"|<big>'''Kalaman Vowels'''</big>
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|-
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!width="60"|
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!width="120" |Short
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!width="120" |Long
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|-
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|Default||a||ɑː
 
|-
 
|-
−
!width="180"|
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|Palatal||I||iː
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!width="120" colspan="2"|Front
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|-
−
!width="120" colspan="2"|Central
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|Labial||ʊ||uː
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!width="120" colspan="2"|Back
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|-
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|Lingual||r̩||r̩ː
 
|-
 
|-
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|Close||iː||I|| || ||uː||ʊ
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|Dental||l̩||
 
|-
 
|-
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|Mid||eː||ɛ|| || ||oː||ɔ
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|P. Diphthong|| ||eː ai
 
|-
 
|-
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|Open|| ||a|| || ||ɑː||
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|L. Diphthong|| ||oː aʊ
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
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−
Dipthongs
 
−
 
−
ai ɛ
 
−
aʊ ɔ
 
  
  
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Consonant Blends
 
Consonant Blends
  
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=Font Support Exercises=
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*<font face="Adobe Hebrew">םלך</font>
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*<font face="Mangal">घङछझखसधरयमब</font>
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*<font face="Castellar">KAUMARI</font>
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*<font face="Palatino Linotype">KAUMARI</font>
 +
 +
syllables
 +
 +
==Post-Kalaman changes (Midrinksi)==
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* ç → ʃ
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* ʝ → j
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 +
 +
=Lexicon=
 +
See [[Kalaman Language:Lexicon]].
  
 +
==Kalaman Place-Names==
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:Bakyahumya: [[Thyria]]
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:Bhimalaphuna: Lake Vimal
 +
:Baughurah: [[Adamantine Mountains]]
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:Dhamalya: [[Deliops]]
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:Dhamat, Dhamat-hirathu: Thybdis, Thybdis River
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:Goshamya, Goshamihirathu: Shadew, Shadevan River
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:Jakubya: [[Lucacia]]
 +
:Jalukhrá: Shelekhumbia
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:Kaspatya: Ebinóë, Ebinóëse Highlands
 +
:Kimbugottha: Jaggudorns
 +
:Kshandiguha: Corundy
 +
:Maulaskaya: Shadevan Delta
 +
:Pamubharttha: [[Memnosian Sea]]
 +
:Prakruthyattha: Pallathantic Sea
 +
:Saumakya: Thykomos
 +
:Sayatha: Pytharnia
 +
:Tawaddha: Desthor
  
 +
=Brainstorming=
 +
Kalaman confortification, confortified consonant is always a stop
  
 +
pehema → pamu
 +
behema → bamu
  
 +
tehema → tamu
 +
dehema → damu
  
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Vowels
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shehema → shamu
 +
zhehema → zhamu
  
 +
chehema → chamu
 +
jehema → jamu
  
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kehema → kamu
 +
gehema → gamu
  
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syllables
+
Kalaman word classes
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no ‘genders,’ but classes some of which have gender meaning
 +
 
 +
:-um: sentient non-living creature, but in fact in Kalaman thought, all creation is living
 +
:-ut: changing energy, changing state, temporary; daihut
 +
:-ik:  (-ik, -arik, -irik)
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:-a: human, humanlike [-a, -asya, -ahya]
 +
:-ya: place
 +
 
 +
kumarikissa antya chambo
  
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kw, tw, pw (py, b)
  
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=Lexicon, Sample=
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satrima culcava, Saturima Kalkubha  krmana, plshasa,
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kʃandIguːha: Land of Kalaman, Corundy
 
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ahʷa: son
 
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aidaspar: Aidaspar, god of bards
 
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ɑːrʊθkaʊpʃaz: Orion Pharaonicus, planet
 
−
aʃwa
 
−
aʊkʃa
 
  
 
=See Also=
 
=See Also=
 
*[[Hirgunya]], writing system used for Kalaman
 
*[[Hirgunya]], writing system used for Kalaman
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*[[Kalama]]
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*[[Kalaman Language:Lexicon]]
 +
*[[List of Kalaman Personal Names]]
 +
 +
[[Category:Languages of Asdar]]
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{{stub}}

Latest revision as of 11:32, 26 March 2022

Kalaman Language is a very ancient, pre-Gwenyan language that originates from the Jathya-Dhumi culture (Compare Drameginite). The Kalaman Language is the source language for Shardanian and Jaithan. Among scholars and Jaithans, it is properly called the Jathya-Dhumi Language.


Periodization

  • Mythical Drameginnite Language. pre-11,000 AS.
  • Proto-Jathya-Dhumi: ca 11,000 AS to 7700 AS. Postulated language.
  • Old High Jathya-Dhumi: 7700 AS to 4500 AS. Attestation considered tenuous.
  • Middle High Jathya-Dhumi: 4500 AS to 3000 AS. moderately attested
  • Classical High Jathya-Dhumi: 3000 AS to 1900 AS
  • Late High Jathya-Dhumi: 1900 AS to 500 AS
  • Early Jaithan: 500 AI to 900
  • Middle Jaithan: 900 to 2250
  • Modern Jaithan: 2250 to Present

Phonological Inventory

Consonants

Kalaman Consonants
Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop p b t d c ɟ k g
Aspirated pʰ bʱ t̪ʰ d̪ʱ cʰ ɟʱ kʰ gʱ
Labialized kʷ gʷ
Aspirated & Labialized kʰʷ gʱʷ
Sibilant Fricative s
Non-Sibilant Fricative ç ʝ h
Continuant w
Approximant j
Trill r
Lateral Approximant l

Vowels

Kalaman Vowels
Short Long
Default a ɑː
Palatal I iː
Labial ʊ uː
Lingual r̩ r̩ː
Dental l̩
P. Diphthong eː ai
L. Diphthong oː aʊ


Orthographic considerations nullset (for syllables that begin with vowels) s+ (blend prefix) +r (for consonant blends) +l (for consonant blends) +j (for consonant/vowel blends)

Consonant Blends

Font Support Exercises

  • םלך
  • घङछझखसधरयमब
  • KAUMARI
  • KAUMARI

syllables

Post-Kalaman changes (Midrinksi)

  • ç → ʃ
  • ʝ → j


Lexicon

See Kalaman Language:Lexicon.

Kalaman Place-Names

Bakyahumya: Thyria
Bhimalaphuna: Lake Vimal
Baughurah: Adamantine Mountains
Dhamalya: Deliops
Dhamat, Dhamat-hirathu: Thybdis, Thybdis River
Goshamya, Goshamihirathu: Shadew, Shadevan River
Jakubya: Lucacia
Jalukhrá: Shelekhumbia
Kaspatya: Ebinóë, Ebinóëse Highlands
Kimbugottha: Jaggudorns
Kshandiguha: Corundy
Maulaskaya: Shadevan Delta
Pamubharttha: Memnosian Sea
Prakruthyattha: Pallathantic Sea
Saumakya: Thykomos
Sayatha: Pytharnia
Tawaddha: Desthor

Brainstorming

Kalaman confortification, confortified consonant is always a stop

pehema → pamu behema → bamu

tehema → tamu dehema → damu

shehema → shamu zhehema → zhamu

chehema → chamu jehema → jamu

kehema → kamu gehema → gamu

Kalaman word classes no ‘genders,’ but classes some of which have gender meaning

-um: sentient non-living creature, but in fact in Kalaman thought, all creation is living
-ut: changing energy, changing state, temporary; daihut
-ik: (-ik, -arik, -irik)
-a: human, humanlike [-a, -asya, -ahya]
-ya: place

kumarikissa antya chambo

kw, tw, pw (py, b)

satrima culcava, Saturima Kalkubha krmana, plshasa,

See Also

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