Latest revision as of 14:06, 27 October 2024

Kalama is the Ithatian name given in the early first century before Salmakhamer to the pre-Midretassene civilization of Corundy. The civilization according to Kalaman records began shortly after the Flood of Aturyanda and persisted with many changes and revolutions until the immigration of the Midrinksi Tribes, 1100 AS to 475 AS at the end of which Kalama had ceased to exist as a distinct and sovereign civilization. Kalaman cultural heritage dominates the Great Valley of Lord Vimal in Corundy and the Kalaman Language is the parent language of Shardanian and Jaithan. The name Kalama itself is not actually used by the Shardanians and Jaithan people who are the modern-day inheritors of this long and highly cultural civilization. Scholars prefer the term Jathya-Dhumi. However, the terms Kalama and Kalaman prevail outside of these languages.

Extent of Kalaman Empire during the Surizhah Kingdom around 2500 AS

History

Kalaman History is immense, reaching back to the Flood of Aturyanda. The millennia before the time of chaos which include periods before about 6100 AS is regarded by most scholars as semi-legendary. Scholars consider most written history of Kalama from 6100 AS which is the beginning of the city-state period towards the present to contain many credible facts, including dynasties, rulers, and cultural history. The dynasties from this time on are grouped into six successive kingdoms: the Gahashpujani Kingdom, the Pandhauzhi Kingdom, the Neibhu-Yona Kingdom, the Surizhah Kingdom, the Tamukh Kingdom, and the Jatha-Nebir Kingdom. After the Jatha-Nebir Kingdom, there is the transitional period of the Midrinksi Settlement of Kalama and the end of classical Kalaman civilization.

Hills of Ancient Kalama

Divinities

Jathya-Dhumi Triad

Brabda the Creator
Shakla the Destroyer
Lantra the Preserver (Transformer, The Deliverer)

Dramegginite Pantheon

The divinities of ancient Kalama are sometimes called the Drameginnite Pantheon as they or their predecessors were worshiped in antediluvian Drameggin, a civilization attested to lands now submerged in the Memnosian Sea.

Vahmu: Goddess of Infinite Creation, former patron goddess of city of Kathyasundi, creator of Mahada.
Thulya: Sun Goddess and solar gods
Atur: God of Rain, Snow, and Ice (Compare Thwar)
Hesukh {Hesog, Hesug, Sug}: God of Hidden Waters, father of sea gods and earthquakes
Taswa: God of Night-time Dreams
Mahada (Maghadha): Mother Earth goddess, mother of Bambashra, Zhaddhin, and Onekhyá. She has no husband, but conceives by Atur, Hesukh, and others.
Onekhyá: God of War, older brother to Zhaddhin
Zhaddhin: Charismatic, lazy god son who lives with Mahada, earth mother goddess. He is father of Zakshim, also father of illegitimate son, Razug, who is god of thieves
Sirthi: Goddess of gold, daughter of Thulya and wife to Zhaddhin
Zakshim: Merchant God Father
Bambashra: Son of Mahada, God of Sailing and sea ships
Razug: God of Thieves, illegitimate son of Zhaddhin
Shihir: daughter, goddess of fishermen
Kaina: goddess of Silvermoon (cf. Starmoon)
Hukshal: goddess of winds
Khir: God of Goldmoon (cf. Sunmoon)
Blue Bull of Kalama, mount of Zakshim
Silver Elephant of Kalama, mount of Atur

Kalaman Geography

Place-Names

-aphuna: lake
-hirathu: river
-oksha: city, city of
-ttha: sea

Kalaman Geographic Proper Names

Bakyahumya: Thyria
Bhimalaphuna: Lake Vimal
Baughurah: Adamantine Mountains
Dhamalya: Deliops
Dhamat, Dhamat-hirathu: Thybdis, Thybdis River
Goshamya, Goshamihirathu: Shadew, Shadevan River
Jakubya: Lucacia
Jalukhrá: Shelekhumbia
Kaspatya: Ebinóë, Ebinóëse Highlands
Kimbuga: Jaggudorns
Kshandiguha: Corundy
Maulaskaya: Shadevan Delta
Pamubharttha: Memnosian Sea
Prakruthyattha: Pallathantic Sea
Saumakya: Thykomos
Sayatha: Pytharnia
Tawaddha: Desthor

Six Castes of Ancient Kalama

Main article: Social Castes of Ancient Kalama

Priest Caste (includes kings, magi, and powerful wizards)
Landowner Caste (Aristocrats)
Warrior Caste
Scribal Caste (includes wizards)
Crafters Caste
Farmer Caste

Kalaman Epics

Ashwakikumi, account of the gods
Dithanakumi, account of the titan god, Dithan
Zakshimukumi, account of the merchant god, Zakshim
Aturyandakumi, account of the first ruler of Kalama, Aturyanda, including the Great Flood
Jairutthalakumi, account of Jairutthala, establisher of the Jairutthalese Dynasty
Satranakumi, account of the demi-god, Satran
War of the Dragonfolk, Account of a great war and battle with the Neptultchi Pirates and their zombie minions

Cultural Legacy of Kalama

Astronomy
Architecture
Civil Engineering
Engineering
Hirgunya Script
Historical Records
Kalaman Literature
Music
Religion

Sources

Primary Sources

Aturyandakumi, Garshaha Rubhira, attributed to early 8th millennium before Salmakhamer
Jairutthalakumi, Samptarah ahwa Kamaddhu, ca 4700 AS
Shayarin Zhampha, ca 3500 AS

Secondary Sources

Gods of Kalama, Orkybanthinantis of Addinoro, ca 600
Index of Modern Kalamantology, 2679 to present
Kalamantica, Orkybanthinantis of Addinoro, ~600
Of Ancient Kalaman Gods and the Titans, Gekkas Phrudaks, 1633

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Kalama is the Ithatian name given in the early first century before [[Salmakhamer]] to the pre-Midretassene civilization of [[Corundy]].   The civilization according to Kalaman records began shortly after the [[Flood of Aturyanda]] and persisted with many changes and revolutions until the immigration of the Midringir Tribes, 1100 [[Ante Salmakhamer|AS]] to 475 AS at the end of which Kalama had ceased to exist as a distinct and sovereign civilization. Kalaman cultural heritage dominates the [[Great Valley of Lord Vimal]] in [[Corundy]] and the [[Kalaman Language]] is the parent language of [[Kushiri Language|Kushiri]] and [[Jaithan Language|Jaithan]].  The name Kalama itself is not actually used by the Kushiri and Jaithan people who are the modern-day inheritors of this long and highly cultural civilization.  Scholars prefer the term [[Jathya-Dhumi]]. However, the terms Kalama and Kalaman prevail outside of these languages.
+Kalama is the [[Ithatian Language|Ithatian]] name given in the early first century before [[Salmakhamer]] to the pre-Midretassene civilization of [[Corundy]].   The civilization according to Kalaman records began shortly after the [[Flood of Aturyanda]] and persisted with many changes and revolutions until the immigration of the Midrinksi Tribes, 1100 [[Ante Salmakhamer|AS]] to 475 [[AS]] at the end of which Kalama had ceased to exist as a distinct and sovereign civilization. Kalaman cultural heritage dominates the [[Great Valley of Lord Vimal]] in [[Corundy]] and the [[Kalaman Language]] is the parent language of [[Shardanian Language|Shardanian]] and [[Jaithan Language|Jaithan]].  The name Kalama itself is not actually used by the [[Shardanian]]s and Jaithan people who are the modern-day inheritors of this long and highly cultural civilization.  Scholars prefer the term [[Jathya-Dhumi]]. However, the terms Kalama and Kalaman prevail outside of these languages.
 [[File:KalamanEmpireca2500AS.jpg|thumb|200px|Extent of Kalaman Empire during the [[Surizhah Kingdom]] around 2500 [[AS]]]]
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 =History=
 {{See also|Chronology of Kalama|List of Rulers and Dynasties of Kalama}}
-Kalaman History is immense, reaching back to the [[Flood of Aturyanda]].  The millennia before the time of chaos which include periods before about 6100 AS is highly suspect among scholars as largely semi-legendary.  Scholars consider most written history of Kalama from 6100 AS which is the beginning of the city-state period towards the present to contain many credible facts, including dynasties, rulers, and cultural history. The dynasties from this time on are grouped into six successive kingdoms: the [[Gahashpujani Kingdom]], the [[Pandhauzhi Kingdom]], the [[Neibhu-Yona Kingdom]], the [[Surizhah Kingdom]], the [[Tamukh Kingdom]], and the [[Jatha-Nebir Kingdom]].  After the Jatha-Nebir Kingdom, there is the transitional period of the Midringir Settlement of Kalama and the end of classical Kalaman civilization.
+Kalaman History is immense, reaching back to the [[Flood of Aturyanda]].  The millennia before the time of chaos which include periods before about 6100 AS is regarded by most scholars as semi-legendary.  Scholars consider most written history of Kalama from 6100 AS which is the beginning of the city-state period towards the present to contain many credible facts, including dynasties, rulers, and cultural history. The dynasties from this time on are grouped into six successive kingdoms: the [[Gahashpujani Kingdom]], the [[Pandhauzhi Kingdom]], the [[Neibhu-Yona Kingdom]], the [[Surizhah Kingdom]], the [[Tamukh Kingdom]], and the [[Jatha-Nebir Kingdom]].  After the Jatha-Nebir Kingdom, there is the transitional period of the Midrinksi Settlement of Kalama and the end of classical Kalaman civilization.
 [[File:CorundianHills.jpg|thumb|400px|Hills of Ancient Kalama]]
 =Divinities=
+{{See also|Kalaman Gods and Religion}}
 [[File:KalamanGodsStemmata.jpg|thumb|300px|The relations of the ancient Gods of Kalama, their unions and offspring]]
@@ Line 22: / Line 23: @@
 *[[Vahmu]]: Goddess of Infinite Creation, former patron goddess of city of Kathyasundi, creator of Mahada.
 *[[Thulya]]: Sun Goddess and solar gods
-*[[Atur]]: God of Snow and Ice (Compare Thwar)
+*[[Atur]]: God of Rain, Snow, and Ice (Compare Thwar)
 *[[Hesukh]] {Hesog, Hesug, Sug}: God of Hidden Waters, father of sea gods and earthquakes
 *[[Taswa]]: God of Night-time Dreams
 *[[Mahada]] (Maghadha): Mother Earth goddess, mother of Bambashra, Zhaddhin, and Onekhyá.  She has no husband, but conceives by Atur, Hesukh, and others.
 *[[Onekhyá]]: God of War, older brother to Zhaddhin
-*[[Zhaddhin]]: Charismatic, lazy god son who lives with Mahada, earth mother goddess. He is father of Zakshim, also father of illegitimate son, Razug, who is god of thieves
+*[[Zhaddhin]]: Charismatic, lazy god son who lives with Mahada, earth mother goddess. He is father of Zakshim, also father of illegitimate son, [[Razug]], who is god of thieves
 *[[Sirthi]]: Goddess of gold, daughter of Thulya and wife to Zhaddhin
 *[[Zakshim]]: Merchant God Father
@@ Line 33: / Line 34: @@
 *[[Razug]]: God of Thieves, illegitimate son of Zhaddhin
 *[[Shihir]]: daughter, goddess of fishermen
-*[[Kaina]]: goddess of Starmoon
+*[[Kaina]]: goddess of Silvermoon (cf. Starmoon)
 *[[Hukshal]]: goddess of winds
-*[[Khir]]: God of sunmoon
+*[[Khir]]: God of Goldmoon (cf. Sunmoon)
 *[[Blue Bull of Kalama]], mount of Zakshim
 *[[Silver Elephant of Kalama]], mount of Atur
@@ Line 53: / Line 54: @@
 *Dhamat, Dhamat-hirathu: Thybdis, Thybdis River
 *Goshamya, Goshamihirathu: Shadew, Shadevan River
-*Jakubya: Throvy
+*Jakubya: Lucacia
 *Jalukhrá: Shelekhumbia
 *Kaspatya: Ebinóë, Ebinóëse Highlands
-*Kimbugottha: Jaggudorns
+*Kimbuga: Jaggudorns
 *Kshandiguha: Corundy
 *Maulaskaya: Shadevan Delta
@@ Line 66: / Line 67: @@
 =Six Castes of Ancient Kalama=
-*Priest Caste (includes kings and magi)
+{{Main|Social Castes of Ancient Kalama}}
+*Priest Caste (includes kings, magi, and powerful wizards)
 *Landowner Caste (Aristocrats)
 *Warrior Caste
@@ Line 79: / Line 81: @@
 *[[Aturyandakumi]], account of the first ruler of Kalama, Aturyanda, including the Great Flood
 *[[Jairutthalakumi]], account of Jairutthala, establisher of the Jairutthalese Dynasty
-*[[War of the Dragonfolk]]
+*[[Satranakumi]], account of the demi-god, [[Satran]]
+*[[War of the Dragonfolk]], Account of a great war and battle with the Neptultchi Pirates and their zombie minions
 =Cultural Legacy of Kalama=
@@ Line 92: / Line 95: @@
 * Religion
+=Sources=
 =={{Icon|primarysource}} Primary Sources==
-* [[Aturyandakumi]]
+* [[Aturyandakumi]], Garshaha Rubhira, attributed to early 8th millennium before Salmakhamer
 * [[Jairutthalakumi]], [[Samptarah ahwa Kamaddhu]], ca 4700 AS
-*[[Shayarin Zhampha]], ca 3500 AS
+* [[Shayarin Zhampha]], ca 3500 AS
 =={{Icon|secondarysource}} Secondary Sources==
+* [[Gods of Kalama]], [[Orkybanthinantis of Addinoro]], ca 600
+* [[Index of Modern Kalamantology]], 2679 to present
 * [[Kalamantica]], [[Orkybanthinantis of Addinoro]], ~600
+* [[Of Ancient Kalaman Gods and the Titans]], Gekkas Phrudaks, 1633
 =See Also=

Difference between revisions of "Kalama"