The City-State Period of Kalama is generally considered by scholars to be the first historical period in Kalaman history, 6100 AS to 4400 AS. The city-states of Kshandiguh and Jakubya (Lucacia), and the culturally related city-states of Bakyahumya (Thyria), Kaspatya (Ebinóëse Headlands), Dalya (Deliops), and Saumakya (Tirios) are part of this cultural period of time and region. According to legend, the city-states arose from the disorder of a period when the worship and power of the Chaos Gods had come into ascendance, called the Naumahmamshe Period. The Naumahmamshe Period and the periods before it are generally considered to be legendary, although native Kalaman scholars vary considerably. The city-state period persisted until the Hanumbasha Dynasty united Kalama against the threat of the Adamantine Giants and ushered in the golden age or High Culture of Kalama. The Hanumbasha Dynasty of Aturoksha is considered alternatively part of the city-state period or the foreshadower of the Gahashpujani Kingdom.

List of Notable Dynasties

Hanumbasha Dynasty of Aturoksha (Addinoro)
Shrumantwa Dynasty of Challanushra
Heluzagda Dynasty of Gamphapand (Flampesha)
Vimalyanda Dynasty of Thugabya (Thugdabis)
Zashtira Dynasty of Zhahambira (Zeddi)
Umanktiri Dynasty of Tanshakilu (Mirrhaimo)
Thirs'uttha Dynasty of Bhimaloksha (Vimaluna)
Pradhuma Dynasty of Kathyabrumya (Cetibrymio)
Pashipunda Dynasty of Aghudra (Agdaire)

Hanumbasha Dynasty

Main article: Hanumbasha Dynasty

The Hanumbasha Dynasty ruled the city-state of Aturoksha as hereditary priest-kings. They expanded their power by accepting the obeisance of other city-states around Laka Vimala in return for protection. When the Adamantine Giants threatened invasion from the east, the Hanumbasha rulers cooperated and organized other rulers to form a united army to defeat the giants. The prestige of the Hanumbashas increased and they were acknowledged as the pre-eminent kings of Kshandiguha. The Hanumbasha Dynasty facilitated the stronger unification of the Tramasthajya Dynasty that succeeded them and began the Gahashpujani Kingdom.