List of Rulers and Dynasties of Kalama

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Kalaman Elephant before 1000 AS

The records of Kalama provide us a sequence of eleven kingdoms, each composed of numerous dynasties and reaching back unthinkably into the past. Scholars generally accept the historicity of the king lists from the sixth millennium before Salmakhamer towards the present. Rulers before this time are considered legendary or semi-legendary. Non-native and some native scholars regard the historicity of the Sanjasthanite Kingdoms with much skepticism believing it to be completely or largely fabricated. During this period, it is important to keep in mind that the recorded dynasty may not have held universal rule over all of Kshandiguh (the Corundian Peninsula).

During the periods when the Kshandiguh was united, the ruler was called the Zhara Jurpa or the regenerative king of the land whose well-being and righteousness ensured the prosperity of the great kingdom.

List of Dynasties and Rulers of Kalama

Mythical Sanjasthanite Kingdoms

Main article: Sanjasthanite Kingdoms

date from Great Flood of Aturyanda 11,770 AS to 6,950 AS The term 'Sanjasthanite' comprises all kingdoms and rulers dated before the period of chaos cults in the seventh millennium before Salmakhamer. They are ascribed to the period immediately after the Flood of Aturyanda and according to the Aturyandakumi and other legends, the great Aturyanda was the first ruler over Kshandiguha after the flood.

Kalaman Postdiluvian Kingdoms, ca 10,500 AS

Arredat Kingdom

Balazha Kingdom

One of the Sanjasthanite Kingdoms, Balazha is mentioned a few times in the Aturyandakumi. Its ruler was the grandson of another flood survivor hero. Scholars believe that they spoke a language related to proto-Jathya-Dhumi, based upon proper names that are recorded in ancient legends.

Imsephura Kingdom

The memory of the indigenous elves of mythical Corundy is recorded in very ancient legends of Kalama. The elves lived in the densely forested area of central west Corundy. Over the subsequent millennia, they ceased to exist. Whether the native elves emigrated, died through warfare or disease, or ceased to reproduce is not fully clear. Scholars believe that elves no longer existed in Corundy at some point before the time of Chaos Rule before ca 7,000 AS.

Kemenut Kingdom

Main article: Kemenut

(10,700 to 8,400 AS) The Kemenut Kingdom held dominion in the southeastern Corundian Peninsula, enduring to the middle of the ninth millennium before Salmakhamer. It was contemporary with the Thaulya Kingdom and the woodland elves of western Corundy (Imsephura).

Lokhona Kingdom

Opars

Mythical creatures

Rashedra

Thaulya Kingdom

  • Palace:
Main article: Thaulya Kingdom

11,770 AS to 10,454 (~1316 years)

Aturyandan Dynasty, 11,770 AS to 11,512 AS, (~258 years)

Aturyanda (previously ruler of Kathyasundi until exiled)

Hirgunya Script of the name 'Aturyanda', devotee of the god Atur
Hirgunya Script of the name 'Kathyasundi'

Sahaupaisha Kingdom

Main article: Sahaupaisha Kingdom
  • Palace:

10,454 AS to 9,482 AS, (~972 years)

Farmer-Kings, 10,325 AS to 10,000 AS
Invasion of Dragons and Tritons, 9,700 AS to 8,350 AS

Prikanuccha Kingdom

Main article: Prikanuccha Kingdom
  • Palace:

9,482 AS to 8,389 AS, (~1,093 years)

Time of Karuthaya, ca 8700, legendary priest-king of Vimalia

Hirgunya Script of the name 'Karuthaya'

Gurshur Kingdom

Main article: Gurshur Kingdom
  • Palace:

8,389 AS to 7,716 AS, (~673 AS)

Dynasty
Dynasty
Vindalian Dynasty, 8035 to 7821 AS (~214 years)

Bhindala ("Vindalos" in Ithatian) is founder, his name becomes origin of ‘Vindalia’ lands of Kshandiguh and Jakubya

  • Bhindala
Chadragushma Dynasty, 7821 to 7716 AS (~105 years)

Bhonippa Kingdom

Main article: Bhonippa Kingdom
  • Palace:

7,716 AS to 6,992 AS, (~724 years)

Sratna Dynasty, 7716 AS to 7619 AS, (~97 years)
Main article: Sratna Dynasty
Lamputthal Dynasty, 7619 AS to 7478 AS, (~141 years)
Main article: Lamputthal Dynasty
Auksha Ithwa Dynasty (Auksha Ithwa), 7478 AS to 7453 AS (~25 years)
  • Dhakhur Auksha Ithwa, only ruler of this dynasty, assumes throne at expense of decadent Lamputthal Dynasty

rules, but cursed without heir and must surrender kingship to kinsman, Tanchala

Ithwa-Tanchalese Dynasty, 7,453 AS to 7,346 AS (~107 years)
Main article: Ithwa-Tanchalese Dynasty
  • Tanchala I, 7,453 AS to 7,445 AS, (~8)
  • Kayattha, 7,445 AS to 7,431 AS, (~14)
  • Tanchala II, 7,431 AS to 7,410 AS, (~21)
  • Ipshaz I, 7,410 AS to 7,401 AS, (~9)
  • Ipshaz II, 7,401 AS to 7,364 AS, (~37)
  • Ipshaz III, 7,364 AS to 7,351 AS, (~13) (under Regency)
  • Bakhurya, Usurper, 7,351 AS to 7,349 AS (~2)
  • Ipshaz III, Restored Reign, 7,349 AS to 7,346 AS (~3)
Jairutthalese Empire ca 7300AS
Jairutthalese Dynasty, 7,346 AS to 7,284 AS (~62 years)
Main article: Jairutthalese Empire

Samptarah ahwa Kamaddhu: Court poet to Jairutthala from Zhahambira

Hirgunya Script of the name of the ruler 'Jairutthala'

Founding of Tanshakilu, 7,338 AS

Hirgunya Script of the name 'Tanshakilu'
  • Baihir, 7,319 AS to 7,311, (~8 years)
  • Ankhu-Saidhya, 7,311 AS, (<1 year)
  • Ankhu-Baihir, 7,311 AS to 7,292 AS, (~19 years)
  • Kwatta, 7,292 AS to 7,285 AS(~7 years)
  • Ishuthulya, 7,285 AS to 7,284 AS (~1 year) (uncle to Kwatta, younger brother to Ankhu-Baihir), marries his daughter to Sharakshaya and abdicates.
Sharakshaya Founding Dynasty, 7,284 AS to 7,237, (~47 years)
Main article: Sharakshaya Founding Dynasty
Hirguyna Script of the name 'Sharakshaya'
  • Sharakshaya, 7,284 AS to 7,260 AS , (~24 years)
  • Aguman, 7,260 AS to 7,244 AS, (~16 years)
  • establishment of Kathyabrumya, a dependent municipality 7253 AS
  • Aguman II, 7,244 AS to 7,237 AS, (~7 years)

During Sharakshaya Dynasty, founding of colonies throughout eastern Pallathantic, including re-colonization of Hwalaka, eastern Shadevan Delta, Isiagos Island.

Baukryandi Dynasty, 7,237 AS to 7,215 AS (~22 years)
Main article: Baukryandi Dynasty
  • Baukryandi, 7,237 AS to 7,215 AS
Sharakshaya Restoration Dynasty, 7,215 AS to 7,184 AS (~31 years)
  • Hesukhyanda, 7,215 AS to 7,206 AS (~9 years)
  • Sharakshaya II, 7,206 AS to 7,188 AS (~18 years)
  • Sharakshaya III, 7,188 AS to 7,184 (~4 years)
Khulkha Dynasty, 7,184 AS to 7,095 AS (~89 years)
Main article: Khulkha Dynasty
Dacchambya Dynasty, 7,095 AS to 7,038 AS (~57 years)
Main article: Dacchambya Dynasty
Dacchambyantese War, 7,038 AS to 6,992 AS (~46 years)

Fought among noble factions purporting to restore the Dacchambya Dynasty, all subverted by priests of Chaos Gods. Ends when all pretenders to the throne are slain or renounce the throne. Tanshakilu becomes the capital to prevent subversion to chaos, but fails.


Chaos Rule

Main article: Naumahmamshe Period

During this period, the mythical Royal Tusk of Shandhur is said to have been lost or taken back by the gods.

(6,992 AS to 6,100 AS) Chaos Priests rule the empire as a body and chaos high priests rule the various great cities of the empire with much autonomy. Chief Priest of Chaos, High Priest

Hirgunya Script for 'Aturoksha,' the predecessor to the modern-day city of Addinoro
Rule of the Kaiwakkha Shaluspahi, 6,992 AS to 6,906 AS (~86 years)

College of the Priests of the Gods (Chaos Gods), based in predecessor to Aturoksha (Addinoro)

Dacchambya Restoration, 6,906 AS to 6,816 AS (~90 years)

Dacchambya heir becomes ruler, but worships chaos.

  • Ruler, 6,906 AS to x, (~13 years)
  • Ruler, , (~37 years)
  • Ruler, , (~23 years)
  • Ruler, , (~11 years)
  • Ruler, 6,822 to 6,816 AS, (~6 years)
Restoration of Rule of Kaiwakkha Shaluspahi, 6,816 AS to 6,147 AS

ca 6,400 AS, creation of the Flampesha (Tassan Name) skyness

Missions of the Sungotine Prophets, 6,270 AS to 6,120 AS
Ankhura-Sin
Senior chaos priest of the Kaiwakkha Shaluspahi, lived 6,249 AS to 6,152 AS (~97 years)

ca. 6,150 AS: Internecine strife among the Kaiwakkha Shaluspahi, college dismantled

Kalaman City States

Main article: City-State Period of Kalama

Most non-native modern scholars consider accounts before this time to be mythical inventions. 6,100 AS to 4,400 AS Kshandiguh (Kalama Peninsula), Jakubya, Bakyahumya (Thyria), Kaspatya [Ebinoese Headlands], Dalya [Deliops], Saumakya [Thykomos], [Brandolphi],

Hirgunya Script of the name 'Kshandiguh'

City-States of Kshandiguh and Jakubya

Map of Kalaman City States

These are the principal, independently ruled city-states of Kalama around 5,000 AS. The modern site is given in parentheses.

Challanushra written in Hirgunya Script
Hirgunya Script of the name 'Bhimaloksha,' modern-day 'Vimaluna'

-pand: tower, lighthouse, watch


Other City States
Thaulyoksha (Zamaclë), G’am Ophusír, Kirayshath (Ebinóë), Gumara (Kumeikë), Aluzabi, Bogor Bisht, Thrimsol

Invasion of Adamantine Giants, ca 4,800 AS to 4,400 AS

High Culture of Kalama, 4,400 AS to 2,450 AS, Hegemony over Malesggites

High Culture of Kalama

Hanumbasha Dynasty, 4,423 AS to 4,320 AS, (~103 years)

defeat of Adamantine giants, re-unification of Kalama

Contemporary Civilizations and Peoples of Asdar

ca. 4,500 AS
Omre—Juheb-tah Kingdom, 4,750 AS to 4,330 AS
Thybdis River Civilization
Shalkhumi City-States
Thadnochori Tribes of Ancient Erserce
Thetzisari Tribes
Common Giants of the Ephysgæes
Common Giants of southern Pytharnia
Common Giants of the Adamantine Mountains

Gahashpujani Kingdom

Main article: Gahashpujani Kingdom

This is the beginning of the High Culture of Kalama. Contemporary with the Kingdom of Tirios

  • 4,317 AS to 3,733 AS, 584 yrs
  • Capital established in Kathyabrumya (Cetibrymio) by the Hanumbasha Dynasty of Aturoksha
Hirgunya Script of the name of the city Cetibrymio, "Kathyabrumya"
  • ~4,300 to 4,000 AS, immigration of Esabdalite People, enlisted as mercenaries against Adamantine Giants
Tramasthajya Dynasty 4,320 AS to 4,247 AS (~73 years)

descended from Kupthaukhas, demi-mortal ability to shapechange

Gahashpujani Dynasty 4,247 AS to 4,151 AS (~96 years)

Kalaman early Bronze Age begins (4200 AS to 3000 AS)

Challagahrra Dynasty 4,151 AS to 4,094 AS (~56 years)

[“Challa” Sunmoon + “Gahrra” follower, observer]

Zhaptuh Dynasty, 4094 AS to 3968 AS, (~156 years);
Mehrikuna Dynasty, 3968 AS to 3915 AS, (~23 years); propped-up by Esabdalite mercenaries; collapses due to internal unrest combined with invasions on frontier
Drasa Dynasty, 3915 AS to 3733 AS (~182 years); Esabdalite Dynasty;
  • ca 3750 AS Centaur Invasion; collapse of Gahashpujani Kingdom

Pandhauzhi Kingdom

Main article: Pandhauzhi Kingdom

High Culture of Kalama, Contemporary with the Kingdom of Tirios 3,733 AS to 3,255 AS, 478 yrs Ambharaghasha rulers move capital to Gampha Shakhuphshi (Babirrhoksha) in west Kshandiguh (west Corundy)

Ambharaghasha Dynasty, 3733 AS to 3552 AS, 181 yrs
Luhimnauskhu Dynasty, 3551 AS to 3455 AS, 97 yrs
Jhabha-Khwattomugh Dynasty, 3454 AS to 3428 AS, 27 yrs

3 rulers

Swakthuni Dynasty, 3427 AS to 3369 AS, 59 yrs
Thagghabhiru Dynasty, 3368 AS to 3286 AS, 83 yrs
internecine strife, 3285 AS to 3255 AS, 31 years

collapse of Pandhauzhi Kingdom

Neibhu-Yona Kingdom

Main article: Neibhu-Yona Kingdom
Hirgunya Script of 'Neibhu-Yona' Kingdom
  • 3255 to 3042 AS, 213 yrs; Contemporary with the Kingdom of Tirios

Palace originally in Vimaluna. Trade and cultural hegemony of the Malesggites (Shadevan Delta) continues.

Samankha Dynasty, 3255 AS to 3138 AS, ~117 yrs
  • first dynast, 3255 AS to 3224 AS
  • second dynast, 3224 AS to 3207 AS; besieges Bara giants in great fortresses northeast of Lake Amalkumir, defeats giants, renames place 'Jukhaulya' and establishes his capital palace in its place.
  • Palace and administrative buildings established in Jhukhaulya (Johaulia) due to the favorable defensible location of the town
Hirgunya Script of the name "Jhukhaulya"
Jhelumjhahuth Dynasty, 3137 AS to 3042 AS, ~95 yrs

rebellions and dissensions among the tributary kingdoms and princes help bring about the end of the dynasty.

Surizhah Kingdom

Main article: Surizhah Kingdom
Extent of Surizhah Kingdom in 2500 AS

3042 AS to 2323 AS, ~719 yrs capital moved to Aturoksha, (Addinoro)

Decline of Kalama, 2,450 AS to 1,100 AS

Zombie Plagues, 2,400 AS to 2,100 AS

Neptultchi undead

During this time, Sun-Cult established in Thaulyoksha (Zamaclë) 2666 AS, according to legend and stone monuments.
Sursaha Dynasty 3042 AS to 2780 AS, 262 yrs
Kalaman scholars revive interest in ancient sources that concern the worship of the Lords of Light also known as the Lords of Creation.
Wakhumand Dynasty, 2780 AS to 2696 AS, 84 yrs
Kalaman scholars continue interest in ancient sources that concern the worship of the Lords of Light also known as the Lords of Creation.
Pajatta Dynasty, 2696 AS to 2519 AS, 177 yrs
Gundhramon Dynasty, 2519 AS to 2330 AS, 189 yrs
ca 2370 AS
Zamaclë: Cataclysm of the Screeching Maidens. Associated disasters include earthquakes in Vimalia and Ithatia, and flooding of Lake Vimala.
ca 2400 AS
Early Migration of Pallathantic Tribes in eastern Pallathantic Sea
Uhappha Dynasty, 2330 AS to 2323 AS, 7 yrs

King Thuptala of the Uhappha Clan. Only rules seven years and is slain with much of his court in a disastrous earthquake that strikes Aturoksha.

Tamukh Kingdom

Main article: Tamukh Kingdom

Considered after the High Culture of Kalama, part of the slow decline of Kalaman civilization. Transition between late bronze age and early iron age, ca 2100 AS.

Extent of Tamukh Dynasty ca. 2300 AS
  • 2323 AS to 1884 AS, 439 yrs; Kingdom named after first Dynasty, 'Tamukh,' who rebuilt the Palace in Aturoksha
Hirgunya Script of the name 'Tamukh'
Tamukh Dynasty, 2323 AS to 2210 AS, 113 yrs
Main article: Tamukh Dynasty
Kamalsuddhu Dynasty, 2210 AS to 2132 AS, 78 yrs
Main article: Kamalsuddhu Dynasty
Dhusakwebhit Dynasty, 2132 AS to 2088 AS, 44 yrs
Main article: Dhusakwebhit Dynasty
Tanjakhri Siyalit Dynasty, 2088 AS to 1935 AS, 153 yrs

Dynasty that saw the lasting defeat of the Neptultchi Pirates in the Sea of Forgetfulness

Main article: Tanjakhri Siyalit Dynasty
ca 2000 AS; continued attacks of the Pallathantic Tribes 'Sea Peoples' against the northern coasts; sea trade affected;

Contribute to collapse of Tamukh Kingdom

Sinaskha-Pramu Dynasty, 1935 AS to 1884 AS, 51 yrs
Main article: Sinaskha-Pramu Dynasty

Interregnal Period

Main article: Kalaman Interregnal Period
During the Interregnal period of about 160 years, rule of Kalama was splintered into dozens of kinglets and princes.
  • 1884 to 1729 AS, 155 yrs

No central Great King of Kalama holds sway. High Nobles rule local fiefs and cities. Aturoksha governed by the high priest of Atur.

Local Capitals and City-States of the Interregnal Period

Aturoksha

See also: Atur and Addinoro
  • High Priesthood of Atur
  • 1884 to 1729 AS, continuance of local Aturokshan High Priestly Lineage
  • Nambû: celebrated writer and historian, flourished 1840 AS to 1810 AS.

Zakshampta Dynasty

Main article: Zakshampta Dynasty
  • based in the ancient city of Challanushra
  • ca 1884, gains autonomy with fall of Tamukh Kingdom and beginning of Interregnal Period
  • 1974 to 1653 AS; autonomous up to end

Pushagda Dynasty

Main article: Pushagda Dynasty
  • based in ?
Others
  • based in Ghahapand (Omflune)
  • based in Babirrhoksha

Jatha-Nebir Kingdom

Main article: Jatha-Nebir Kingdom
Hirgunya Script, "Jatha-Nebir"
  • 1729 AS to 1117 AS, (~612 years)
Jatha-Nebir Kingdom and its many vassals.
Hirgunya Script of the name "Jhukhaulya"
Therya-Prakrip Dynasty, 1729 AS to 1632 AS, (~97 years)
Main article: Therya-Prakrip Dynasty
Ummattha Dynasty, 1631 to 1578 AS, ~54 yrs
Main article: Ummattha Dynasty
  • 1597: Aturoksha becomes subject to Ummattha Dynasty
Bhirukamphan Dynasty, 1577 AS to 1405 AS, ~173 yrs
Main article: Bhirukamphan Dynasty

Rulers endeavor to consolate the subject chieftains and princes. Establishment of the 'High Kingdom', cities that are directly subject to King, consists of Vimalia and Rhiony.

contemporary: final collapse of Neptultchi Civilization, ca 1550 AS

Karyigha Thaulyagna Dynasty, 1404 AS to 1354 AS, 51 yrs
Main article: Karyigha Thaulyaghna Dynasty
Phalumicchurn Dynasty, 1353 AS to 1267 AS, ~87 yrs
Main article: Phalumicchurn Dynasty
Addhya-Challa Dynasty, 1266 AS to 1164 AS, ~103 yrs
Main article: Addhya-Challa Dynasty
  • Phankala
  • Chalmudhra
Zhalayara Kuswa Dynasty, 1163 AS to 1117 AS, ~47 yrs

last rulers pre-Midrinksi rulers of all Kalama, Jatha-Nebirite rulers retained in high valleys of Vimal

Main article: Zhalayara Kuswa Dynasty

Midrinksi invasions (or settlements, depending upon your historical viewpoint) weaken the Zhalayara Kuswa Dynasty which collapses amid internecine conflicts among potential claimants to the throne of the Great Kingship. None is successful and historians regard this as the end of the Jatha-Nebir Kingdom.

  • Ambhiru, 1163 to 1151, ~12 yrs
  • Ambhiru II, 1151 to 1117, ~34 yrs

Midrinksi Settlement of Kalama

Main article: Midrinksi Settlement of Kalama
  • 1100 AS to 75 AS
  • scions of the Zhalayara Kuswa Dynasty continue to rule local states along with high nobles of pre-Midrinksi stock. Their cultural decline is inevitable and they succumb to the incursions of the Midrinksi nomadic tribes who immigrate with a vast body of horse warriors into Kalama. Kalaman enclaves persist, speaking ancient Kalmaman (Jathya-Dhumi), to this day, largely as a liturgical and scholarly language and the domestic language of a handful of aristocratic families of old Kalaman stock. The Jaithan Language and the Shardanian Language persist as direct developments of the classical Kalaman language.

During this time, vestiges of both Kalaman and Jatha-Nebirite princely dynasties continued local rule in many cities. In other places, Midrinksi chieftains ruled, often retaining locals priests and customs and marrying into the local aristocratic families. The Midrinksi language (later to become 'Midretassene') gains ascendancy as the language of the Midrinksi chieftains and their horse warriors. Midrinksi leaders freely adopt the superior cultural heritage of Kalama (engineering, religion, mathematics, astronomy, medicine, philosophy, literature, Hirgunya Script). Outside of Vimalia, Midrinksi develop their own alphabet, (the Midretassene Alphabet), based upon Hirgunya.

  • Note: Vindalia is an ancient name that comprises what is today Corundy and Lucacia (anciently Kshandiguh and Jakubya).
General Events
560’s Thurpashi War: Alliance of Vimalian Princes repel Midrinksi Tribes back into eastern Vimalian Plateau

Aghudra

Aturoksha

453 Priest-King of Aturoksha made subject to King of the Midrinksi
366 Fall of Aturoksha. King of the Midrinksi establishes royal governor.

Bhimaloksha

(Vimaluna) Ruled by scion of the Jatha-Nebirite Dynasty

483, Ruler of Bhimaloksha made subject to King of the Midrinksi
371, Fall of Bhimaloksha. King of the Midrinksi establishes royal governor.

Challanushra

Ruled by scion of the Jatha-Nebirite Dynasty

Jhukhaulya

Autonomous Rule, 1173 to 362 AS
  • King rules as ceremonial high priest who is ritually married to the goddess Mahada. His heir is ritually married to the daughter of Mahada.
  • According to legend, it is during this time that the god Amirulliam and his companion, Kay'u, visit Jhukhaulya (Johaulia).
Thupha Apshani Dynasty
1173 to 427
560’s Thurpashi War: Alliance of Vimalian Princes repel Midrinksi Tribes back into eastern Vimalian Plateau
Samerkhambu Dynasty
427 to 362
ca 414 AS, ruler of the Samerkhambu Dynasty gives obeisance to the king of the Midrinksi and is permitted to continue rule of the city.
362 AS, King of Samerkhambu Dynasty, having revolted, is crushed, fall of Jhukhaulya, the last of the great city-states of Vimalia, end of Samerkhambu Dynasty. King of the Midrinksi sets up a local governor to rule the city. End of Kalaman rule of Johaulia. Native Rule is not re-established until after the Fall of the Yophenthean Empire.

See Also

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